Relative digit length is considered steady at ages 2 to 25 6, although other studies suggest that 2D:4D does mildly increase during childhood but remains steady during puberty 7, 8.ĢD:4D was suggested to be associated with Hox gene family 2, 3. 2D:4D is observed at as early as the end of the first trimester 4, 5. 2D:4D is sexually dimorphic, and males’ 2D:4D is relatively shorter than females’ 2, 3. The ratio between lengths of the second and the fourth digits (index and ring fingers) (2D:4D) is a putative biomarker of prenatal testosterone and estrogen exposure 1. Further studies are required to support our findings. These findings support the association between the intrauterine period and reproductive characteristics. There is an association between 2D:4D and sub optimal reproductive characteristics, including later age at menarche, heavier menses bleeding and dysmenorrhea. Higher 2D:4D was also associated with heavier menses bleeding and dysmenorrhea. An association was found between right 2D:4D and age at menarche, with older age in women with 2D:4D ≥ mean versus 2D:4D < mean (13.2 ± 1.5 and 12.8 ± 1.3 respectively, b = 0.48, 95%CI:0.06–0.91) while controlling for ethnicity. The mean age at menarche was 12.9 ± 1.4 years. Mean age of the participants was 30.7 ± 4.9 years. Multivariable linear and logistic models were used to study the associations between digit ratio and the studied health characteristics. 2D:4D was measured directly in both hands using a digital caliper. This analysis was conducted within a prospective pregnancy cohort study.
The aim of the study was to examine the association between 2D:4D and women’s general and reproductive health. The ratio between the length of second and fourth digits (2D:4D) is a putative biomarker for prenatal testosterone and estrogen exposure.
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